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- Bougainville island was named after French navigator Louis Antoine de Bougainville, who sailed along its east coast in 1768. In January 2001 Bougainville and Papua New Guinea reached an agreement In 1996 however the BTG premier was assassinated, It was previously the main landmass in the German Empire-associated North Solomons. of the Bougainville Transitional Government (BTG), under the auspices of PNG. The Bougainville Constitution says Bougainville shall be known formally as The Autonomous Region of Bougainville and otherwise as Bougainville. Bougainville appealed to the United Nations, but without success. [citation needed], None of the languages are spoken by more than 20% of the population, and the larger languages such as Nasioi, Korokoro Motuna, Telei, and Halia are split into dialects that are not always mutually understandable. Thus the use of ‘Buka’ for Bougainvilleans and ‘Big Buka’ for Bougainville is redolent of a colonial attitude by people who use those terms. Bougainville was to increasingly clear that mining profits from an Australian joint venture on the The island was named after the French navigator Louis Antoine de Bougainville who sailed along Bougainville Island’s east coast in 1768. Robert Young Pelton, Hunter Hammer and Heaven, Journeys to Three Worlds Gone Mad. - In the 19th century, Bougainville was colonised by Germany. It was previously the main landmass in the German Empire-associated North Solomons. separated from the other Solomon Islands and remained under German control For general communication most Bougainvilleans use Tok Pisin as a lingua franca, and at least in the coastal areas Tok Pisin is often learned by children in a bilingual environment. Buka has an outcropping that is 175 km (109 mi) from New Ireland. The vote is not binding; the Government of Papua New Guinea has the final say on the status of Bougainville.[6][7]. It is said to be named after a nearby homestead, whose owner Dr James Murray titled it “Woden” in October, 1837, after the Old English god of wisdom. Settled around 30,000 years ago, its name today comes from its first Western visitor, the French explorer Louis-Antoine de Bougainville, who arrived in 1768 (the flowering vine Bougainvillea is also named after him). The languages of the north-central and southern lobes of Bougainville Island belong to the North and South Bougainville families. Paul is an active participant in the agricultural initiatives of Bougainville and has also played a pivotal role in reviving the cocoa … Copper mining on the island by a Rio-Tinto owned mining operation caused significant detriment to the immediate and downstream ecology from the destruction of forest and heavy metal contaminated mine tailings, resulting in an uprising by the islanders to protect their land and native ecology. A year [citation needed]. The German New Guinea Company as a part of their holdings that included the islands of New Guinea, New Britain, New Ireland and all of the Solomon Islands later annexed the … By 1988, tensions had escalated into violence, as it became Bougainville, an autonomous region of Papua New Guinea (PNG), has been inhabited by humans for at least 29,000 years, according to artefacts found in Kilu Cave on Buka Island. Bougainville was named in 1768 for the French admiral and explorer Louis-Antoine, Compte (Count) de Bougainville. In late November 2019 a non-binding referendum was held to decide whether Bougainville should be a sovereign state independent from Papua New Guinea. The region is named after Bougainville Island, the largest island of the Solomon Islands archipelago, but also contains a number of smaller … of the hardships caused by the blockade, re-invaded Bougainville. [citation needed], There are many indigenous languages in Bougainville Province, belonging to three language families. Following peace talks in Burnham, New Zealand in October 1997, opposition led to the resigning of the Prime Minister of PNG. some 24000 villagers. [10], Bougainville has one of the world's largest copper deposits, which has been under development since 1972, but was shut down in a popular revolution against the foreign-owned mining interests. by the French explorer Louis de Bougainville who gave the island its name. Takuu Dictionary. Mr. Pip (2012) is a film by New Zealand director Andrew Adamson based on the book Mister Pip by Lloyd Jones. A group of islands comprising a semi-autonomous region that is part of Papua New Guinea. [12] These ingenious innovations were a major focus of the documentary film The Coconut Revolution. to select BTG representatives. The main airport (or airstrip) in the north is in the town of Buka. Self-government was given to Papua New Guinea on December Since 1990 there have been many serious attempts to reach The Japanese group of traditional landowners, later known as the Bougainville Revolutionary Had Commerson been caught helping to disguise Barret, he could have gone to prison. Most of the islands in this archipelago (which are primarily concentrated in the southern and eastern portions of it) are part of the politically independent Solomon Islands. of the Australian based companies Conzinc Rio Tinto and Broken Hill Corporation, After being elected, Toroama will be leading the freedom movement of Bougainville, home to 250,000 people. self-determination and indigenous control of the land as the population of Bougainville Many people complained that the people In 1776, 10 years after the Étoile set sail, the French Navy officer, Yves de Kerguelen, was sentenced to serve 6 years … Bougainville Island, easternmost island of Papua New Guinea, in the Solomon Sea, southwestern Pacific. But there is a regular ferry service between the key settlements on either side. [8] More recently, deforestation in order to feed the growing population has affected the flow of many rivers on the island. After 15 months of Japanese occupation, Bougainville’s native Melanesian population was thoroughly pro-Japanese. the 1976 agreement. [ citation needed ] British and American whaling ships visited the island for provisions, water and wood in the 19th century. - Bougainville island was named after French navigator Louis Antoine de Bougainville, who sailed along its east coast in 1768. the islands of New Guinea, New Britain, New Ireland and all of the Solomon Bougainville Interim Government (BIG). a political settlement to the conflict. [8] Due to a seven-year blockade of the island by the Papua New Guinean Army during the Coconut Revolution, the island was cut off from the outside world. It is part of the Solomon Islands rain forests ecoregion. [14], The Coconut Revolution, a documentary about the struggle of the indigenous population to save their island from environmental destruction and gain independence, was made in 1999. were placed under Australian administration. later, negotiations with the Papua New Guinea government resulted in an agreement Bougainville Island (Tok Pisin: Bogenvil)[1] is the main island of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, which is part of Papua New Guinea. In 1885, the region came under German administration under the German New Guinea Bougainville and the nearby island of Buka, are a single landmass separated by a deep 300-metre (980 ft) wide strait. However, on 11 September 1975, in a failed bid for self-determination, Bougainville declared itself the Republic of the North Solomons. In 1949 the Territory of New Guinea, including Bougainville, merged with the Australian Territory of Papua, forming the Territory of Papua and New Guinea, a United Nations Trust Territory under Australian administration. No environmental impact study was carried out. With Buka Island and several island groups, it forms the autonomous region of Bougainville. between 10 and 15 years from the election of the first autonomous government It is also one of the 22 provinces of PNG. Bougainville is the largest island in the Solomon Islands archipelago. An island group that's part of Papua New Guinea is about to vote on independence. By agreement of 1899 between Germany and Great Britain, Bougainville was Bougainvilleans objected to their separation from the Solomon Islands. On the nearby Takuu Atoll a Polynesian language is spoken, Takuu. Read More About UNPO Of the valid votes, 98.31% were in favour of full Independence. The island that would later be called Bougainville was first sighted in 1768 The population of the whole province, including nearby … did not democratically elect the Bougainvilleans on the delegation that signed Approximately 30 years after a decade-long brutal civil war in Bougainville, a tiny island in the Pacific, is going to the polls Saturday to vote on its independence from Papua New Guinea. a blockade on the island in April 1990. The highest point is Mount Balbi, on the main island, at 2,715 m (8,907 ft). [citation needed], Cut off from the outside world for several years by a Papua New Guinean blockade during the Coconut Revolution, the islanders suffered many deaths from a lack of medical resources. [2], The German Empire laid claim to Bougainville in 1899, annexing it into German New Guinea. four AFP members were deployed to Bougainville as part of the Truce Monitoring That year, an organised This equinox also celebrates the one-month birthday of my book, Joyous Lies, which launched February 15. In 1960, Australian geologists found copper in Naisioi land, Bougainville. The Allies were unable to ascertain current intelligence about Japanese movements because many of the coast Louis Antoine de Bougainville – Early Years Louis Antoine de Bougainville was born in Paris on Rue Barre-du-Bec. Defeated, the PNG army left Bougainville and imposed that his government had hired Sandline, a mercenary company based in South Africa, Group. Bougainville is the largest island in the Solomon Islands archipelago. These languages are closely related. Bougainville was to become part of an independent Papua New Guinea. a transitional government for Bougainville. Then he sailed along the west coast of Choiseul island, in the western Solomon Islands, southeast of ( now named ) Bougainville Island across the ( now named ) Bougainville Strait. have its own Provincial government. Other Austronesian languages include Nehan, Petats, Solos, Saposa (Taiof), Hahon and Tinputz, all spoken in the northern quarter of Bougainville, Buka and surrounding islands. [12], A 2013 United Nations survey of 843 men found that 62% (530 respondents) of those have raped a woman or girl at least once, with 41% (217 respondents) of the men reported having raped a non-partner, whereas 14% (74 respondents) reported having committed gang rape. It is the largest island in the Solomon Islands. with independent inquiries verifying the involvement of the PNG security forces. On the first of December 1975, two weeks before Papua New Guinea gained The negotiations led to the signing Bagana (1,750 metres [5,740 ft]) in the north central part of Bougainville is conspicuously active, spewing out smoke that is visible for many kilometres. Bougainville Island (Tok Pisin: Bogenvil)[1] is the main island of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, which is part of Papua New Guinea. Three to four thousand years ago, Austronesian people arrived, bringing with them domesticated pigs, chickens, dogs, and obsidian tools. occupied the island early in 1942. Few non-natives remain as most were evacuated following the civil wars. This pressure forced the islanders to develop self-sustaining systems from salvaged parts and foraged resources, including village-scale hydropower, coconut bio-diesel, diversified forest-garden farms, and neo-traditional herbal medicine. These include Rotokas, a language with a very small inventory of phonemes, Eivo, Terei, Keriaka, Naasioi (Kieta), Nagovisi, Siwai (Motuna), Baitsi (sometimes considered a dialect of Siwai), Uisai and several others. This page was last edited on 9 May 2021, at 10:26. Bougainville is an island named after the explorer Captain Bougainville. : A Polynesian language of the South Pacific. [citation needed], During World War I, Australia occupied German New Guinea, including Bougainville. In 1885 it came under German administration as An island group that's part of Papua New Guinea is about to vote on independence. The TMG concluded in April 1998 and was replaced with a Peace Monitoring Port Bougainville was the name given to a giant condominium site, that started construction around 1980. Bougainville named the Archipelago after Louis XV of France. to wipe out the rebel leadership in Bougainville. of the PNG army to win the war in Bougainville the PNG prime minister announced The island that would later be called Bougainville was first sighted in 1768 by the French explorer Louis de Bougainville who gave the island its name. Geographically, Bougainville is the largest of the Solomon Islands, located near the northern end of In the late 1800s Germany claimed northern New Guinea and its islands, including Bougainville. Even though the strait is narrow, there is no bridge across it. The charter committed PNG to restoring services on the island, and setting up In 2001, a peace agreement was signed including promise of a referendum on independence from Papua New Guinea. ANBI Informatie, Australia Watches Bougainvilleans Prepare for Referendum on Independence, Iraqi Kurdistan: Commemorate Halabja Victims, Bougainville: Still Waiting For Mineral Rights, Bougainville: Peace Process a Regional Model, Bougainville: Women Play Role In Peace Process, Kurdistan: Identity Denied in the Iraqi Constitution, Kurdistan: Human Rights Watch Recent Report, Kurdistan: Questions unanswered in Iraqi Kurdistan. Christian missionaries arrived on the island in 1902. and after the defeat of Germany, the German territories, collectively called Islands later annexed the island. of Bougainville, that will be held within the next 12 months. that would give Bougainville a referendum on independence. However, later studies classified it as a natural hybrid of a variety of B. glabra and possibly B. peruviana - … island were not benefiting the people of Bougainville and that the mining activity After the war, Bougainville was again put under Australian [5] The referendum question was a choice between greater autonomy within Papua New Guinea, or full independence. Recognition Harboring a woman aboard a navy ship was a serious offense at the end of the 18th century. Irwin, H. (1980). The first on record was the Roscoe in 1822, and the last was Palmetto in 1881. He spotted it in 1768, and it had subsequently been under the German Empire as the German New Guinea, as a part of the North Solomons in At the age of twenty-five he published a treatise on integral calculus, as a supplement to De l'Hôpital's treatise, Des infiniment petits. for a referendum on secession, but the Papua New Guinea government did not Bannoni and Torau are Austronesian languages not closely related to the former, which are spoken in the coastal areas of central and south Bougainville. The Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO) is an international membership-based organization established to empower the voices of unrepresented and marginalized peoples worldwide and to protect their fundamental human rights. - In the 19th century, Bougainville was colonized by Germany. Following the war, the Territory of New Guinea, including Bougainville, returned to Australian control. Bougainville was first settled some 8,000 years ago. It covers an area of about 3,880 square miles and has a population of Word of the day rock up phrasal verb See definitions & examples It's here! [citation needed], British and American whaling ships visited the island for provisions, water and wood in the 19th century. With the complete failure of the peace accord and the inability Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. in November 1994, of the Margini Charter, which paved the way for the establishment by March 1944. The transnational company Bougainville Copper Limited (BCL), a joint venture French explorer Louis de Bougainville sighted the island in 1768 and named it after while the Solomon Islands went to Great Britain. [3][4] Despite heavy bombardments, the Japanese garrisons remained on the island until 1945. A multinational Peace Monitoring Group (PMG) under Australian leadership was deployed. [12], The majority of people on Bougainville are Christian, an estimated 70% being Roman Catholic and a substantial minority United Church of Papua New Guinea since 1968. The much-smaller Buka Island, c. 500 km2 (190 sq mi), lies to the north, across the 400–500 m (1,300–1,600 ft) wide Buka Strait. began prospecting in 1963. English and Tok Pisin are the languages of official business and government. New Guinea, became Mandate territories of the League of Nations and, in 1920, Bougainville was born in Paris, the son of a notary, on either 11 or 12 November 1729. for limited autonomy as a province of Papua New Guinea. It became part of the Australian Territory of New Guinea under a League of Nations mandate in 1920. turned massively against PNG. was seriously damaging the island’s environment. The languages of the northern end of the island, and some scattered around the coast, belong to the Austronesian family. [citation needed], On 9 September 1975, the Parliament of Australia passed the Papua New Guinea Independence Act 1975. Named after Louis de Bougainville (see Bougainville, Louis Antoine de). If Bougainville’s people vote for its independence in the historic referendum, the world will get its newest and possibly … Bougainville was then absorbed politically into Papua New Guinea with increased self-governance powers. 428pp. administration, this time as a United Nations Trust territory. In early life, he studied law, but soon abandoned the profession. Army (BRA) forcibly closed the mine and demanded the re- negotiations of contracts. Its land area is 9,300 km2 (3,600 sq mi). Among the large islands of Papua New Guinea, New Ireland is the closest to Buka. The first European contact with Bougainville was in 1768, when the French explorer Louis Antoine de Bougainville arrived and named the main island after himself. its independence; Bougainville unilaterally declared its independence emphasising Peace talks brokered by New Zealand began in 1997 and led to autonomy. Earthquakes are frequent, but cause little damage. In April 1991 the PNG army, taking advantage It was used by Japan as a military base during World War Two, and after, was administered by Australia until Papua New … Group. The German New Guinea Company as a part of their holdings that included The population of the whole province, including nearby islets such as the Carterets, is approximately 300,000 (2019 census). Unknown to the Allies at that time was the fact that Ballalae Island was the scene of a horrific, Japanese war crime. It was to have 2800 units, a full marina, shopping malls, resturants, plus a town hall and fire department. For the island in the Falklands, see. Two of these islands - the closely connected Shortland Islands - are less than 9 km (5.6 mi) south or southeast of Bougainville, and about 30 km (19 mi) west of Choiseul, one of the a settlements of which, Poroporo, faces Bougainville. BOUGAINVILLE IS AN ISLAND 10,000 km2 in size with a population of 160,000 people who speak English, Pidgin and their own local languages. Privacy Policy The Act set 16 September 1975 as date of independence and terminated all remaining sovereign and legislative powers of Australia over the territory. PNG responded by sending in the Police Riot Squad and then the army, displacing The bulk of its … Bougainville Island is primarily forested with a diverse tropical ecosystem. It was part of Operation Cartwheel , the Allied grand strategy in the South Pacific . This referendum was held between 23 November and 7 December 2019, with results being declared on 11 December. US troops had overtaken the island of Bougainville The largest of the Solomon Islands is named after him, as is the colorful tropical climbing plant bougainvillaea. These constitute two language families, North Bougainville and South Bougainville. [8], An Evergreen Island (2000), a film by Australian documentary filmmakers Amanda King and Fabio Cavadini of Frontyard Films, showed the ingenuity with which the Bougainvillean people survived for almost a decade (1989-1997) without trade or contact with the outside world, because of a trade dispute.[15][16][17]. At the beginning of WW I in 1914 Bougainville was occupied by Australian honour this request. While, historian Dr Harold Koch believes the name may have its origins in the Aboriginal words “wadyan” or “wadhan”, meaning possum. [citation needed], The most widely spoken Austronesian language is Halia and its dialects, spoken in the island of Buka and the Selau peninsula of Northern Bougainville. During WW II Bougainville was the scene of fierce fighting. Both the women ministers have a specification in different professions. Originally thought to be a distinct species, it was named B. buttiana in honour of the European who first encountered it. The international and domestic [18], Coordinates: 6°14′40″S 155°23′02″E / 6.24444°S 155.38389°E / -6.24444; 155.38389, Main island of the Bougainville, Papua New Guinea, This article is about the island in Melanesia. As the BIG boycotted the meeting, PNG saw the opportunity Bougainville called The first European contact with Bougainville was in 1768, when the French explorer Louis Antoine de Bougainville arrived and named the main island after himself. Bougainville had been named after a French named Louis Antoine de Bougainville. The result was overwhelmingly in favour of sovereignty for the island, with 98% of the votes supporting secession. its independence officially for the second time, from PNG and established the Elections in July - In the 19th century, Bougainville was colonised by Germany. [citation needed], Between 1988 and 1998, the Bougainville Civil War claimed over 15,000 lives. Perhaps a little embarrassed by this attribution, Commerson named the beautiful vine after his captain, de Bougainville. The republic failed to achieve any international recognition, and a settlement was reached in August 1976. its wish to remain separate from the new state of Papua New Guinea. In 1942, during World War II, Japan invaded the island, but allied forces launched the Bougainville campaign to regain control of the island in 1943. Continuing north he discovered two of the Treasury Islands. Additionally, the survey also found that 8% (67 respondents) of the men had raped other men or boys. The fight to close the mine escalated into a struggle for Lexico's first Word of the Year! The island was named after the French navigator Louis Antoine de Bougainville (whose name has also been lent to the creeping tropical flowering vines of the genus Bougainvillea ). His [13], The Papuan languages are confined to the main island of Bougainville. Its land area is 9,300 km2 (3,600 sq mi). ushered in a new era in Bougainville relations. De Bougainville named the main island after himself but the French never settled it. The peace accord consists of a time-line for a referendum that should be held Built in the 1973 and full independence from Australia on September 1975. - Bougainville island was named after French navigator Louis Antoine de Bougainville, who sailed along its east coast in 1768. 2019 Bougainvillean independence referendum, List of birds of the Solomon Islands archipelago, "Bougainville set to hold long-awaited independence referendum", "Bougainville referendum not binding - PM", "Bougainville referendum: region votes overwhelmingly for independence from Papua New Guinea", "Coconut Revolution, The (Bougainville story)", "Water crisis looms from deforestation; alluvial mining", "UNEP to help Bougainville manage clean-up of Rio Tinto mine", "Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Bougainville, Papua New Guinea", "Why do some men use violence against women and how can we prevent it", "Bougainville film shows courage and community", "The remote, impoverished island sitting on a multi-billion-dollar gold mine", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bougainville_Island&oldid=1022239274, Geography of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville, 1919 disestablishments in German New Guinea, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2015, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The Bougainville campaign was a series of land and naval battles of the Pacific campaign of World War II between Allied forces and the Empire of Japan, named after the island of Bougainville. In 1753 he entered the army in the corps of musketeers. On May 17, 1990, Bougainville declared [9] The United Nations Environmental Program has offered to facilitate the clean up of the Rio Tinto owned Panguna mine and explore reopening the mine with more stringent environmental standards. The island has an area of 9,000 km2 (3,500 sq mi), and there are several active, dormant or inactive volcanoes which rise to 2,400 m (7,900 ft).

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